الحروف والكلمات Letters and Words

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Talking about the present

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Talking about the present 1. We use the present simple: to talk about something happening regularly in the present: The children come home from school at about four. We often see your brother at work.  to talk about something happening continually in the present: They live next door to us. He works for the Post Office.  to talk about things which are generally true : Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. The Nile is the longest river in Africa. 2. We use the present continuous: to show that something in the present is temporary : We are living in a rented flat at present. My wife usually goes in to the office, but she is working at home today. for something happening regularly in the present before and after a given time : I ’m usually getting ready for work at eight o’clock. When I see George he’s always reading his newspaper. for something happening before and after the moment of speaking : I can’t hear you. I ’m lis...
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Wishes and hypotheses

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Wishes and hypotheses   Wishes We use past tense forms to talk about wishes: We use past tense modals would and could to talk about wishes for the future : I don’t like my work. I wish I could get a better job. That’s a dreadful noise. I wish it would stop. I always have to get home early. I wish my parents would let me stay out later.  We use past tense forms to talk about wishes for the present : I don’t like this place. I wish I lived in somewhere more interesting. These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were travelling first class. Everyone wishes they had more free time. John wishes he wasn’t so busy. I wish it wasn’t so cold. We use the past perfect to talk about wishes for the past : I wish I had worked harder when I was at school. Mary wishes she had listened to what her mother told her. I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month. Hypotheses (things that we imagine) When we are talking about hypotheses: ...
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Clause structure

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Clause structure   All clauses in English have at least two parts: a noun phrase and a verb phrase :  Noun phrase (subject) Verb phrase The children All the people in the bus laughed were watching But most clauses have more than two parts: Noun phrase (subject) Verb phrase The children John All of the girls This soup Mary and the family She laughed wanted are learning tastes were driving put a new bicycle English awful to Madrid the flowers   in a vase The first noun phrase is the subject of the sentence: The children laughed. John wanted a new bicycle. All the girls are learning English. She put the flowers in the vase. English clauses always have a subject: His father has just retired. Was a teacher . He was a teacher. I’m waiting for my wife. Is late . She i...
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