Clause structure
Clause
structure
All clauses in English have at least two parts: a noun
phrase and a verb phrase:
Noun phrase (subject)
|
Verb phrase
|
The children
All the people in the bus |
laughed
were watching |
But most clauses have more than two parts:
Noun phrase (subject)
|
Verb phrase
|
|
|
The children
John All of the girls This soup Mary and the family She |
laughed
wanted are learning tastes were driving put |
a new bicycle English awful to Madrid the flowers |
The first noun phrase is the subject of the sentence:
The children
laughed.
John wanted a new bicycle.
All the girls are learning English.
She put the flowers in the vase.
John wanted a new bicycle.
All the girls are learning English.
She put the flowers in the vase.
English clauses always have a subject:
His father has just retired. Was a teacher. He
was a teacher.
I’m waiting for my wife.Is late. She is late.
I’m waiting for my wife.
… except for the imperative which is used to
give orders:
Stop!
Go away.
Go away.
… and for "soft imperatives" like
invitations and requests:
Please come to dinner tomorrow.
Play it again please.
Play it again please.
If we have no other subject we use "there"
or "it" as subject. We call this a ‘dummy subject’:
There were
twenty people at the meeting..
There will be an eclipse of the moon tonight.
There will be an eclipse of the moon tonight.
It’s a lovely day.
It’s nearly one o’clock.
I have toothache. It hurts a lot.
It’s nearly one o’clock.
I have toothache. It hurts a lot.
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